Effects of a Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guan-Jen-Huang (Aeginetia indica Linn.), on Renal Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis Yu-Huei Liu,1,2,3 Meng-Luen Li,1 Meng-Yu Hsu,1 Ya-Yueh Pang,1 I-Ling Chen,1 Ching-Kuei Chen,1 Sai-Wen Tang,1 Hsuan-Yuan Lin,1 and Jung-Yaw Lin1
1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan 2Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan 3Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
Abstract Aeginetia indica Linn. (Guan-Jen-Huang, GJH), a traditional Chinese herb, has the potential to be an immunomodulatory agent. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of GJH in the treatment of renal cancer. Concentration-effect curves for the influence of GJH on cellular proliferation showed a biphasic shape. Besides, GJH had a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity when combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)which may be due to the alternation of the chemotherapeutic agent resistance-related genes and due to the synergistic effects on apoptosis. In addition, treatment with GJH extract markedly reduced 786-O cell adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and decreased 786-O cell migration and invasion. In a xenograft animal model, GJH extract had an inhibitory effect on tumor cell-induced metastasis. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in 786-O cells was significantly decreased by treatment with GJH extract through inactivation of nuclear factor-κB (NF–κB). These results suggest that GJH extract has a synergistic effect on apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents and an inhibitory effect on cell adhesion, migration, and invasion, providing evidence for the use of water-based extracts of GJH as novel alternative therapeutic agents in the treatment of human renal cancer.
Source : Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 935860, 10 pages doi:10.1155/2012/935860 Link to Full Article
CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES IN RELATION TO RENAL CELL CARCINOMA Jian-Min YUAN1*, Manuela GAGO-DOMINGUEZ1, J. Esteban CASTELAO1, Jean H. HANKIN2, Ronald K. ROSS1 and Mimi C. YU1
1Department of Preventive Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
Little is known about the possible role of diet in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A population based case-control study was conducted in non-Asians of Los Angeles; it included 1,204 RCC patients and an equal number of neighborhood controls matched to the index cases by sex, date of birth (within 5 years) and ethnicity. Information on intake frequencies of food groups rich in vitamins A and C, various carotenoids and nitrosamines or their precursors was collected through in-person, structured interviews. After adjustment for non-dietary risk factors including level of education, obesity, history of hypertension, cigarette smoking and regular use of analgesics and amphetamines, there were strong inverse associations between cruciferous and dark green vegetable intakes and RCC risk (both p values for linear trend F 0.001). In terms of nutrients, there were significant inverse associations of RCC risk with consumption of a variety of carotenoids including alpha-carotene (p F 0.001), beta-carotene (p 5 0.004), beta-cryptoxanthin (p 5 0.01) and lutein (p 5 0.005). However, after adjustment for these nutrients, we still observed a significant residual effect of cruciferous vegetables, suggesting that other substances present in these vegetables may be responsible, atleast partially, for the observed reduction in risk of RCC. Dietary nitrosamines and their precursors were not related to RCC risk.
Occupational sunlight exposure and risk of renal cell carcinoma
Sara Karami, PhD 1 *§, Paolo Boffetta, PhD 2, Patricia Stewart, PhD 1 a, Nathaniel Rothman, MD 1, Katherine L. Hunting, PhD 3, Mustafa Dosemeci, PhD 1, Sonja I. Berndt, PhD 1, Paul Brennan, PhD 2, Wong-Ho Chow, PhD 1, Lee E. Moore, PhD 1
1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 2International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
The following also contributed to this article: David Zaridze and Anush Mukeria (Institute of Carcinogenesis for Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia); Vladimir Janout and Helena Kollarova (Department of Preventive Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic); Vladimir Bencko and Ivana Holcatova (Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic); Marie Navritalova (Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic); Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska (Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland); Dana Mates (Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania); and Jan P. Gromiec (Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Chemical Hazards, Lodz, Poland).
Abstract BACKGROUND: Recent findings indicate that vitamin D obtained from ultraviolet (UV) exposure may reduce the risk of several different cancers. Vitamin D is metabolized to its active form within the kidney, which is the major organ for vitamin D metabolism and activity. Because both the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency have increased over the past few decades, in the current study, the authors explored whether occupational UV exposure was associated with RCC risk. METHODS: A hospital-based, case-control study of 1097 patients with RCC (cases) and 1476 controls was conducted in 4 Central and Eastern European countries. Demographic and occupational information was collected to examine the association between occupational UV exposure and RCC risk.
RESULTS: A significant reduction (24%-38%) in the risk of RCC was observed with increasing occupational UV exposure among men who participated in the study. No association between UV exposure and RCC risk was observed among women who participated. When the analyses were stratified by latitude as another estimate of sunlight intensity, a stronger reduction (71%-73%) in the risk of RCC was observed between UV exposure and cancer risk among men who resided at the highest latitudes.
CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggested that, among men, there is an inverse association between occupational UV exposure and the risk of RCC. Replication studies are warranted to confirm these results.
Source : Cancer 2010. Published 2010 by the American Cancer Society.