Anticancer Potentials of Root Extract of Polygala senega and Its PLGA Nanoparticles-Encapsulated Form Saili Paul,1 Soumya Sundar Bhattacharyya,1 Naoual Boujedaini,2 and Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh1
1Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India 2Boiron Laboratory, 69110 Lyon, France
Abstract Ethanolic extract of Polygala senega (EEPS) had little or no cytotoxic effects on normal lung cells, but caused cell death and apoptosis to lung cancer cell line A549. In the present paper, ethanolic root extract of P. senega (EEPS) was nanoencapsulated (size: 147.7 nm) by deploying a biodegradable poly-(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA). The small size of the NEEPS resulted in an enhanced cellular entry and greater bioavailability. The growth of cancer cells was inhibited better by NEEPS than EEPS. Both EEPS and NEEPS induced apoptosis of A549 cells, which was associated with decreased expression of survivin, PCNA mRNA, and increased expression of caspase-3, p53 mRNAs of A549 cells. The results show that the anticancer potential of the formulation of EEPS-loaded PLGA nanoparticles was more effective than EEPS per se, probably due to more aqueous dispersion after nanoencapsulation. Therefore, nanoencapsulated ethanolic root extract of P. senega may serve as a potential chemopreventive agent against lung cancer.
Source : Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 517204, 13 pages doi:10.1155/2011/517204 Link to Full Article
Anticancer potentials of root extract of Polygala senega against benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung cancer in mice 1. Saili
Paul (Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of
Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India ) 2. Soumya
Sundar Bhattacharyya (Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory,
Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India ) 3. Asmita
Samaddar (Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of
Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India ) 4. Naoual Boujedaini (Boiron Laboratory, 20, rue de la Liberation, Sainte-Les-Foy-Lyon, France ) 5. Anisur
Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh (Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory,
Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235,
Objective: To evaluate anticancer potentials of Polygala senega on lung cancer induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in mice.
Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups with each containing
six animals. Group 1 served as control, and the animals received olive
oil as vehicle. Group 2 animals were treated with B[a]P (50 mg/kg body
weight dissolved in olive oil) orally twice a week for four consecutive
weeks. Group 3 animals were fed B[a]P as in group 2 and 48% alcohol
(since the vehicle of the remedy was alcohol). Group 4 animals were
B[a]P-intoxicated mice (as in group 2) which were additionally fed
ethanolic extract of Polygala senega (EEPS) daily for 16 weeks. EEPS
treatment started after the first dose of B[a]P. Group 5 animals were
treated with EEPS alone for 16 weeks to test cytotoxicity of EEPS if
any. Mice were sacrificed after 16 weeks and the following parameters
were assessed: the anti-oxidant activity measured by
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay, tumor incidence, lung
weight and body weight, DNA damage evaluation by comet assay and
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); toxicity biomarkers like
catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione
reductase, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total thiol content were also
detected.
Results: Treatment with EEPS increased the final body weight and significantly decreased the lung weight in group 4 mice (P<0.01)
compared with group 3 mice. Comet assay showed that EEPS-treated mice
in group 4 presented a decrease of DNA damage significantly (P<0.01) in lung tissues. There was a significant increase observed in the level of p53 in group 4 as compared with group 3 (P<0.01)
detected by ELISA. A highly significant increase in tissue LPO with
concomitant decrease in the activity of anti-oxidants was observed in
group 2 and group 3 mice (P<0.05) compared with the control mice. These adverse changes were reversed significantly in group 4 mice (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Chemopreventive potentials of Polygala senega against chemically induced lung cancer in mice are confirmed.